How are you feeling?
How maths becomes a lock
- Clock. Numbers wrap around at some size; that keeps huge powers small.
- Power. Raise a message to a public exponent (by squaring) — that is encrypting.
- Inverse. The private key is the number that undoes it — easy to find if you know φ(n).
- Break. An attacker who can factor n rebuilds φ, and then your private key. So keep n unfactorable.
The pieces of RSA
- The modulus n = p·q — the product of two secret primes. Public. Its two factors are the whole secret.
- Euler’s φ(n) = (p−1)(q−1) — the size of the clock the keys live on. You can only compute it if you know p and q.
- The public exponent e — any number coprime to φ. Encrypting is raising the message to e.
- The private exponent d = e⁻¹ mod φ — the modular inverse of e. It undoes encryption. An attacker gets it only by factoring n.
More ways in
Brain break
What next? Pick a door
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- A bit harder CentralForge Hike rates, or hold them? OrderDojo Is that number even plausible? Proof Sweeper Can you prove this square is safe?
- Something different NorthQuest What direction will you choose? PremiseBench What does this famous model assume? ClauseDojo What did you just agree to?