Each panel already has a story beat. Give it the shot that tells that beat best — then check your page.

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Where manga comes from

  • From 1814. Katsushika Hokusai published the Hokusai Manga, books of quick sketches of people, animals and everyday life. “Manga” then meant something like “sketches made as they come”.
  • 1947. Osamu Tezuka’s New Treasure Island (made with Shichima Sakai) borrowed from films: close-ups, sudden angles and actions spread over many panels, so the page moves like a camera.
  • Kishōtenketsu, the four-part shape of a yonkoma (introduce, develop, turn, bring together), goes back to four-line Chinese poems.
  • 1993. Scott McCloud counted the kinds of cut in comics and found that manga uses “aspect to aspect” — the eye wandering round a place or a mood — far more than Western comics.