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A real case · you decide
Marcus's first drive in the rain
Marcus, 16 — a new driver on his first solo trip after dark, and it has just started to rain
Marcus has his licence a week. It's raining, the wipers are on, and the car ahead is close enough that he can read its plate. His usual instinct is: it's fine, I brake fast.
On a dry day at 30 mph, a full stop is about 109 feet — 66 of that is just the car moving while he decides to brake. Wet, the braking part alone nearly doubles because the tyres grip about half as well.
The plate he can read means roughly a two-second gap. The rule is three, and rain wants more than that. Two seconds is not 'a bit close' — it is not enough distance to stop if the car ahead brakes hard.
The car ahead is two seconds away and it is raining. What does Marcus do?
A green light is 200 feet ahead and turns amber. Marcus is at 45 mph on the wet road.
Marcus did not become a better driver by reacting faster. He became one by leaving more room — because the physics of a stop is bigger, and slower to unfold, than any gut feeling about it.
The hazards you learn to read
Hazard perception is a skill, not luck. Five recurring hazards — each one a pattern you learn to spot early.
- Rolling Ball — the develop you act on early — between parked cars, a child follows the ball
- The Door — brake lights just went off on a parked car — someone is about to open a door
- The Gap — a gap in slow oncoming traffic a turning car could dart across
- Glare — low sun ahead hiding a cyclist in the wash of light
- The Tailgater — a car close on your bumper — braking hard becomes risky
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