Friendly cartoon kids playing grid strategy games — Connect 4, Gomoku stones, a hex board and Reversi — in a bright sunlit games room

GridForge

Four ideas. Five games. One grid. Learn the moves that win Connect 4, Gomoku, Hex, Reversi, and Dots & Boxes — the double threat, the connection, flipping territory, and parity.

Level 1

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Brain Break Take a quiet moment between games — a fun riddle or a short breather. Brain breaks help you remember what you learn.

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Sharpen your play

Practice & together

Concept Kits — 16 kits of connection-game strategy

A short round of questions with a hint whenever you get stuck. Progress stays on this device.

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Where this game comes from

Reversi

Reversi was invented in London in the 1880s. Two Englishmen, Lewis Waterman and John Mollett, each claimed they had invented it first.

One thing to hold: Each disc is dark on one side and light on the other, so it can change sides.

Why it matters: Nothing is ever safe until the end: one move can flip a whole line.

Sources: H. J. R. Murray, A History of Board-Games other than Chess (1952)

Hex

Hex was invented twice. Piet Hein, a Danish poet, invented it in 1942. John Nash, a young American mathematician, invented it again in 1948.

One thing to hold: The board is a diamond of hexagons, and the game has no draws.

Why it matters: Nash proved the first player can always win if they play perfectly, but nobody knows the winning moves on a big board.

Sources: Martin Gardner, “The Game of Hex”, Scientific American (1957) · Ryan B. Hayward and Bjarne Toft, Hex: The Full Story (2019)

Dots and boxes

Dots and boxes was first written down by Édouard Lucas, a French mathematician, in 1889. He called it la pipopipette.

One thing to hold: All you need is a pencil and a page of dots.

Why it matters: It looks like luck, but it is a game of counting: near the end, the player who can count the long chains can choose who gets them.

What we don’t know: Children may well have played it before Lucas wrote it down; nobody knows.

Sources: Elwyn Berlekamp, The Dots and Boxes Game (2000)

Gomoku

Gomoku, “five in a row”, is played in Japan on a Go board with Go stones. Its tournament form was given the name renju in 1899; the extra rules that slow Black down were added over the years after.

One thing to hold: The same board and the same stones as Go, used for a different game.

Why it matters: Black, who moves first, has a big advantage, so players kept adding rules to make the game fair. Fairness is part of the design.

What we don’t know: How old five-in-a-row games are, and where they began, is not known.

Sources: R. C. Bell, Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations (1960; rev. 1979) · Renju International Federation, “History of renju”

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📚 Books for GridForge

Read the story, print a workbook, or color the cast — free PDFs to read offline or print at home.

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Built from these ludemes

A ludeme is a building block of a game's rules. This one combines:

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